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8.8 cm KwK 36
The 8.8 cm KwK 36 L/56 ((ドイツ語:8,8 cm Kampfwagenkanone 36 L/56)) was an 88 mm electrically fired tank gun used by the German Heer during World War II. This was the primary weapon of the PzKpfw VI Tiger I tank. It was developed and built by Krupp.
==Design==
It shared the same caliber as the FlaK 36 88 mm gun anti-aircraft and anti-tank gun, but the KwK 36 was not derived from it. There are similarities, but the two must be considered merely parallel designs. The KwK 36 could fire the same ammunition as the FlaK 18 or 36, differing only in primer: percussion for the FlaK, electric for the KwK 36. Also the ballistics were identical and both guns had a 56 caliber barrel. The KwK 36 was built to practically the same design as the 7.5 cm and 5.0 cm guns already used in German tanks, but with the structure scaled up considerably. The breech ring was square in section and on a side. The breech block was of vertical falling wedge type and operated semi-automatically, meaning that after firing the empty cartridge case was automatically ejected, while the breech cocked itself and remained open, ready to receive the next round.
The "L56" in the designation is a traditional measurement for artillery pieces. "L" refers to the length of the ''interior'' of a gun tube (or "barrel") in proportion to the size of its bore, an important metric in determining a guns relative performance for its bore size. The inside diameter of a gun tube is considered ''one caliber''. The designation "L56" means the barrel is ''56 calibers'' long, or 56 times 88 mm = 4,928 mm; almost . Thus, it is not an absolute unit of measurement; it is a proportionate one, and thus is rarely used while considering overall dimensions. Rather, it is used to denote how much velocity a gun will generate for its bore size. The longer the tube is in relation to its bore, the higher the muzzle velocity it can generate. A longer gun barrel allows the expanding gas from the shell's charge to act on the projectile longer than a short barrel, imparting it more velocity and force. For the Tiger II's 88 mm Kwk 43 L/71, 71 times 88 mm is 6248 mm, over long. Shorter tubes are most useful for indirect fire, such as howitzers or infantry support. For anti-armor purposes, a long to very-long tube is needed, to generate the necessary velocity.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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